The voltage generated by this pressure creates a spark, which ignites the gas. In ignition devices that use piezoelectric material, when the switch is pressed, the parts inside the switch strike the piezoelectric element with a "click" sound. A well-known example that utilizes the piezoelectric effect is the ignition device for gas stoves and lighters. The piezoelectric effect was discovered in 1880 by Pierre Curie, a Nobel laureate in physics, and his brother Jacques Curie. This is known as dielectric (electric) polarization, and material that exhibits this phenomenon is referred to as piezoelectric. However, voltage is generated when the crystal is deformed by external mechanical pressure, the bias between positive and negative charges is displaced, and the state of polarization changes. Under normal conditions, the crystal adsorbs ions from the air, neutralizing the charge on the crystal surface so that no voltage is generated. As a result, the centers of positive and negative charges are unevenly distributed, and polarization is constantly occurring within the crystal. Passive devices that utilize the piezoelectric effect are called "piezoelectric devices".ĭielectrics that can observe the piezoelectric effect have an asymmetrical lattice-like crystal structure. Conversely, when voltage is applied to these dielectrics, they change dimensions (reverse piezoelectric effect), i.e., they expand or shrink. The piezoelectric effect is a phenomenon that occurs primarily in dielectric materials, such as quartz and tourmaline, wherein an electric charge is produced owing to a voltage being generated when pressure is applied.
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